What is safety?
Safety relates to the condition at workplace(Nursery) and applies to the pursuit of a state where the risk of harm has been eliminated or reduced to an acceptable level. There will not be accident when there is safety.

What is Accident?
It’s an undesired event, giving rise to death, ill-health or injury. It also infers a chance occurance that us accompanied by no control or responsibility.

Accident caused by 2 factors:
1. Unsafe behaviour/act
2. Undafe conditions

Caregivers must realised that most injuries to children can be prevented by having control(prevention) and responsibility(protection).

What is hazard?
Hazard is an article, substance or situation that has the potential to cause harm or damage. Example of hazards:
1. Water
2. Chemical
3. Lighting
4. Noise
5. Electricity
6. Toys
7. Heights
8. Flooring

What is risk?
Risk is the likelihood of harm occurring. The severity of outcome can be zero, low, medium or high. When the severity is high, this should have the highest priority.

It is impossible to eliminate all hazards to avoid accident but it is possible to reduce the risk to acceptable level where the hazard won’t turn into accident.

Why moral, legal and economics is closely related to health and safety?
1. Ligislation requirements (ensure it is as safe as possible)
2. Vicarious liablity (everyone related must be responsible)
3. Moral obligation (taking care of your neighbour)
4. Fines for non compliance to regulations
5. Economic impact (direct/indirect cost eg. insurance, medical fee, legal fee…)

Operator of nursery must:
1. Ensure safe workplace e.g good lighting, flooring, exit, access
2. Provide safe equipment and plant e.g repair any damaged things that can cause accidents
3. Ensure work safety e.g competent workers
4. Introduce safe procedure for oeprating tools/equipments
5. Provide adequate supervision, training and instructions e.g training, constant medical check-up
6. Provide appropriate PPE(Personal Protective Equipment)
7. Set health and safety policy
8. Comply to rules & regulations set up by the authority

Caregivers must:
1. Take care of his/her own and others’ safety
2. Comply with the rules
3. Use PPE
4. Report to top management about the hazards
5. Report all accidents

To ensure safety at all time:
1. Good management control
2. Implement OSH(Occupational, Safety, Health) policy
3. Identify hazards and associated risks then minimise or eliminate them
4. Promot OSH at all levels

Safety policy should be:
1. Clearly written
2. Include guidelines, checklist, injurty reports, strategies, practices
3. Limitations
4. Suggest methods of communication

Basic elements of safety policy:
1. General Statement of Intent (What)
2. Organisation involved (Who)
3. Arrangement (How)

4 major goals of high quality child care:
1. Maximize health status
2. Minimize risk
3. Use education as tool
4. Recognizing importance of guidelines

General child care safety policies should cover:
1. Creating safe environment - use all risk management and injury prevention tools(role modeling, education, observation, supervision)
2. Injury prevention management - safe enviroment for the child to learn, play and develop
3. Developing a safety plan - prevent risk & promote safety
4. Implication for caregivers - should use preventive and protective measures

Basic emergency response procedures:
- Knowledge of first aid is essential
- Should have basic first aid training
- Organise for emergencies, and plan according especially for children with special needs
- Emergency numbers and information should be easily available
- First aid kit must be available
- Understand the 10 steps for emergency response in right orders