Softcopy notes were given, I just copy paste the key points

SENSORY SYSTEMS

• Vision
  At birth vision is blurry
  Focal length 8-15 inches
  Tends to focus at the center of the visual field
  Across development infants prefer
  Patterned objects to solid color objects
  Bright colors rather than pastels (3-6 months)
  Faces rather than other objects
  Facial preference: initially at hairline, then eyes, then expression thus focal attention shifts
  Infants as young as 1-2 months react to perceptual differences
  Mechanisms:
  Binocular vision and parallax
  Relative size of objects at different distances
  Relative motion
  Interactions between neurological maturation and experience
• Auditory Sense
  Fetus reacts to loud noises as early as a few weeks before birth
  Neonates sensitive to different sounds
  React to human voice differentially
  Early on (late neonatal period) infants can distinguish caregivers’ voices from others
  Adults and older children use code-switching when interacting with infants
  Higher frequency
  Sing-song rhythm
  Rhyming
• Smell
  Breast fed infants recognize smell of mothers over other females (pads in armpits or breast pads)
  Preference for breast milk regardless of whether the infant is breast fed
• Taste
  Discriminate between sweet and sour tastes

REFLEXES—Hardwired Systems
Indicators of neurological and motor development
Primitive Reflexes
Rooting and Sucking Reflexes
Grasping
Looming (depth perception)
Babinski – Checked to determine neurological maturation
Postural Reflexes
Parachute reflex
Loco motor reflexes e.g Stepping, Crawling, swimming

MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
Gross Motor—large muscle groups e.g. Neck, Torso, Arms, Legs
Fine Motor—smaller muscle groups e.g. Finger, Thumb
Refined grasping reflex (pincher motions)

• Bases for Motor Development:-
  - Neurological Development
  - Caregiver interactions and encouragement
  - Opportunities for exercise & practice
  - Maturation of Cognitive System
  - Cultural Differences: Wide variability in practices associated with differences in ages of onset but generally, across cultures, children tend to thrive with competent caregiving