What is Play & Learning?
Posted on | January 15, 2009 | No Comments
Often people will think that play is just play. The child just play and won’t learn anything. The fact is that the child learn when he/she plays. A child only know what is play as this is a spontaneous act. A child doesn’t need to be taught on how to play but they must be guided when they play to achieve the learning objective.
During playing, the child will explore with his/her senses that helps them in solving problems. For example, he/she tries to fit a round block to the square hole but couldn’t fit it in. This will prompt him/her to find other hole that can fit the round block. Once he/she found it, they will know that only round hole can fit a round block. With the guidance from the teachers and parents by telling the child the colour of the block and the shape of the block will also help the child in learning about shapes and colour besides solving problems.
Not only that, when playing, the child can accquire fine and gross motor skills. It will also help them concentrate, enhance their imagination, and socialise with other children.
The thoeries below will help in creating understanding about play:
- Classical theory is trying to justify the reasons of playing.
- Surplus energy theory: To release the energy from the body.
- Relaxation theory: To restore energy to the body.
- Recapitulation theory: To enhance/mature the skills that were learnt previously.
- Pre-exercise theory: To learn new skills for the future. - Dynamic theory
- Psycho dynamic theory: To eliminate fear, as a therapy and to communicate. Pretend play will allow children to cope with their lives when they have trouble managing directly.
- Constructivist theory: There are 3 levels:-
>> Level 1 – Sensory stage(infants)
They will modify one’s concept or behaviour known as accommodation. For example, the infant imitate an adult painting with a paintbrush.
>> Level 2 – Pre-shcool to kindergarten children(4-6 years old)
Accquire knowledge from their environment through experiences. Dramatic or pretend play whereby assimilation is dominating accommodation. For example, moulding clay into a pie or pretend to be a doctor.
>> Level 3 – Children 6 years old and above
Game with rules such as playing football, basketball, boardgames etc. - Contemporary theory: The teacher will provide the environment for the children to nurture children’s play by setting up various corners in school such as mathematics corner, kitchen corner, shop corner etc.
Planning & Organizing for Childcare Business
Posted on | January 12, 2009 | No Comments
Planning is the process if settin goals, developing strategies, outlining task, and prepare schedules to accomplish the goals.
Organising is the act of arranging elements following one/more rules.
What you should take note of when you are planning for childrcare business:
- Goals: Short term and long term goals
- Record keeping: Various records such as attendance, medical, payment, emergency contact numbers and stc.
- Seting fees: How are you going to charge?
- Contract: To migitate any possible misunderstandings between various parties related to the the business.
- Taxes: Ensure accurate records for taxation purpose.
- Liability insurance: Protect against accidents.
- Marketing: Advertising the business.
- Accredition: Helps identify quality and meet qualit standard.
Planning for curriculum is the process of translating theories of education into practice. Four areas that need to be considered are:
- Content of the curriculum
- Process of how you are going to execute it
- The teacher who plans everything as he/she knows the children better
- Ensure that the curriculum suits the context such as philosophy & goals, cultural background, community values etc.
4th Semester Starts Tomorrow
Posted on | January 9, 2009 | No Comments
Finally, 4th semester coming after 2 long weeks of holiday. Kinda lazy to go back hehe…
This semester will be studying Planning and Organizing Early Childhood Care & Educational Settings and Play and Learning.
No news of the release of result hmm… Wonder what I will be getting?
Semester 3 Exams Over
Posted on | December 21, 2008 | No Comments
WEE!! It’s over! So far this semester’s exams is the hardest. I hope I can get another 2 A’s.
So, holiday for now and will not be updating this blog until class starts in next year ;p Do visit my personal blog though, it’s updated everyday.
Oh Dear! I’m Sorry
Posted on | December 18, 2008 | No Comments
I accidentally clicked on the wrong button and deleted two comments. I’m really really sorry. You know who you are. One of you is a guy and another is a girl. I saw the comments but I pressed the wrong button and it got deleted. I’m really sorry.
3rd Semester Exam Next Week
Posted on | December 13, 2008 | No Comments
Not been updating for a while, nothing much to update also hahahaha… Preparing for exam now. Exam will be next Saturday and Sunday. Time really flies!
Hopefully can get A’s again this time. Really not in the mood to study sigh… So many events in December, so many games awaiting me to play also ;p
What to do? It will be over soon then can enjoy a bit hahaha… See you next year.
Types of Abuse
Posted on | November 30, 2008 | No Comments
This is not full notes, just extracted some for exam purpose ;p
EMOTIONAL ABUSE
- Constant attach of a child/youth by an adult that negatively affects the child/youth’s self worth.
Boys and girls reacted to emotional abuse differently because of their upbringing. Boys are taught that crying is not masculine but displaying anger and other physical behaviours are acceptable. Girls are taught that anger is not ladylike and that showing emotion is part of being female.
Signs of emotional abuse:
- agression
- stubborn
- withdrawn
- passive
- easily frustrated
Effects of emotional abuses:-
Behavioural:
- irritability
- sleep disorder
- withdrawal
- stealing
- self-harm
Physical:
- lag in physical development
- speech problems
- facial tics
- self harm
- eating disorder
Emotional:
- inability to control emotions
- questioning of religious beliefs
Types of emotional abuse:
1. Rejecting – Putting down a child/youth’s worth or their needs
- constant criticism
- yelling at the child
- verbal humiliation
- exclude child from family activities
- telling a child he/she is ugly
2. Isolating – Keeping child away from family and friends
- not allowing child to have friends
- isolating child in closet
- prevent child to interact with other children
- rewarding child for withdrawing from social contact
- insisting in excessive studying/chores
3. Ignoring – Failing to give any response to interact with a child/youth at all
- denying health care
- denying dental care
- failure to protect child
- lack of attention to schooling
- not accepting the child as an offspring
4. Corrupting – Encourage a child/youth to do things that are illegal/harmful to themselves
- reward for bullying others
- reward for stealing
- supplying drugs
- teaching and promoting prostitution
- reward for lying
5. Exploiting – Giving responsibilities that are greater than a child/youth that age can handle, usually for making profit
- sexual abuse
- participate in pornography
- child labour
- blaming the child/youth for misbehaviour of other sibling
- infants expected not to cry
6. Terrorizing – Cause a child/youth to be terrfied by the constant use of threats/intimidating behaviour
- extreme verbal threats
- yelling and screaming
- threatening abandonment
- inconsistant demand on the child
- changing the “rule of the game”
PHYSICAL ABUSE
- Physical force or action that results in or may result in a non-accidental injury of a child.
Difference of abuse and discipline:-
Abuse:
- Demonstrate anger and hostility
- Make child listen
- Involves humiliation
- Teach child that decisions are at the whim of the caregiver
- Caregiver has all the power, no respect given to the child
- Requires submission
Discipline:
- Demonstrate love and affection
- Teach child right from wrong
- Does not involve humiliation
- Teach child to make healthy choices and prepare for eventual independence
- Power balance and mutual respect
- Does not require submission
Signs of physical abuse:
1. Bruising – Most common abuse injuries, must take into account location, size, colour, and frequency usually found on forehead, knees, legs, arms, hands, shins etc.
2. Beatings – Pattern of bruising/abrasions will resemble the shape of the object/body part used such as belt, bottles, bats, sticks etc.
3. Burning – Third most frequent cause of death in children. Can be chemical, heat, electrical etc. Skin might have rashes, bleeding, pussing, blistering etc.
4. Choking and hanging – Bruise around the front and back of the neck resemble the fingers and thumb of the attacker doing the choking. Can also have bruising that take the shape of red band known as rope burn.
5. Smothering and drowning – Smothering compromises the child’s breathing, no other noticeabke abuse evidence. Can have bruising around the face(nose and eyes), and upper chest area. Drowning may have finger bruiseing at the back or side of the neck or shoulders where the child is hold under water with force.
6. Poisoning – Hard to determined as it depends on the quantity can be drugs, dish liquid, gas etc. May suffer from vomitting, nausea, abdominal cramping, diarrhoe, lethargy etc. There might be rashes, redness, bleeding around the mouth.
7. Hair-pulling – Thining hair and bald patches on the scalp. Experience headaches and neck pain.
8. Pushed from height – Brusing and broken bones are the common abuse injuries.
9. Shaken Baby Syndrom – Most common infant immortality and account for most long-term disability in infant and young children due to physical child abuse. Frequently a single event and there may be no visible injury. Mostly trigger by inconsolable crying and feeding problem. Can cause lethargy, tremors, vomiting, coma, death and etc.
Effects of physical abuse:
- behavioural problems
- negative peer relation
- depression
- violence to others
- developmental delay
SEXUAL ABUSE
- When a child/youth/adult uses a child/youth for his/her sexual gratification. This includes incest.
There are two types of sexual abuse:-
Non-contact:
- No touching
- Force to watch porn
- Force to listen to sex talk
- Force to look at others sexual parts
Contact:
- Touched/Fondled the own genitals
- Force to touch others genitals
- Force to oral sex
- Force intercourse
Sign of sexual abuse:-
Physical signs:
- Constipation
- Urine in blood
- Pain/discomfort during urination
- Difficulty in bowel/bladder control
- Pain/itching at genitals
Behavioural signs:
- Sexualized behaviour that is inappropriate in child’s age
- Promiscious behaviour
- Share same signs as emotional abuse
Sexual abuse effects:-
Emotional & physical:
- Losses self-esteem
- Losses trust
- Losses intimacy
- Losses childhood
- Losses control of his/her body
Behavioural:
- Nightmares
- Phobia
- Learning problem
- Insecurity
- Relationship problems
Factors that affect the effects:
- Relationship of the victim and the offender
- The age of the child
- Type of sexual activities exposed to
- The degree of physical aggression
- The respond receives when the victim disclose the abuse
- The availability of supportive person
Why children don’t tell?
- Fear of revenge
- No one will believe
- Openly threat the safety of the people related to the child/youth
- Fear of abandonment especially if offender is family member
- Promise with gifts/rewards/offer bribes
Almost the End…
Posted on | November 28, 2008 | No Comments
WOW! Time sure flies! It’s almost the end of the term. Assignment due soon, not long later will have exam. After that will have 2 long weeks of holidays! YAY!
Must start to prepare notes for exam, it’s going to be a lot! It won’t be as easy as it used to be as the lecturers need to prepare two papers and means we have to learn more. Sigh…
Equipments & Props for Physical Education & Curricumlum Integration
Posted on | November 22, 2008 | No Comments
There are many types of equipments and props for children to use for movement activities.
Example of equpiments:
Slide, see saw, swing, climber, balancing beam, platform, sand pit, tire(tyre)
Example of props:
Tunnel, rhythm stick, parachute, scarve, beanbag, shaker, skipping rope, ball, mat, hoop, streamer
Physical education can be integrated in other subjects. Example:
-
Language art:
They can learn about “front”, “back”, “up”, “down”, “stand”, “sit”, “crawl”, “creep”, “forward”, “backward” etc using the props or equipments.
Art:
They can explore colours, shape, line, texture when drawing, colouring, cutting etc. Movements are involved indirectly such as fine and gross motorskill.
Mathematics
They can learn about the concept of size, stacking, sorting, matching, numbers, geometry and computation.
Science
They can explore, navigate, solve problem, and discovery with their body such as senses, nutrition, hygience, gravity etc.
Advantages of integrating other subjects with physical activities are:
- Children will be readily attend to the learning task
- Children can deal with reality
- Result oriented, easy to monitor the ability and the understanding of the children
- Enhance their senses
- Provide them with incentive, when they are successful in doing certain movement, they will feel the satisfaction even though no material things are given
- Encourage positive attitudes
Intelligences of Children & Effect on the Society
Posted on | November 19, 2008 | No Comments
Intelligence is the ability to manipulate surrounding to a person’s advantage.
Inter/Intrapersonal/Spatial/Social
Good in interacting with people and easy to make friends.
Positive effect: Can be a good sales person, councellor, social worker
Negative effect: Easily influcences people to do bad things, proud, manipulate people feelings, commit crimes
Kinesthetic
Have high level of energy, good physical activities as dancing, running, swimming…
Positive effect: Be sportsmen representing country in sporting events, encourage healthy and active lifestyle
Negative effect: Harm people who are weaker than them
Musical
Good in playing musical instruments, composing songs and etc.
Positive effect: Provide entertainment
Negative effect: Sound pollution, fan obsessions
Numerical
Good sense of numbers
Positive effect: Earn money, improve economy
Negative effect: Corruptions, obssession with money
Linguistic
Good in language art
Positive effect: Share knowledge
Negative effect: Provide misleading information
Natural
Love nature.
Positive effect: Protect the ecosystem
Negative effect: Disrupt ecosystem
Pocket Money
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